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- HALLEYS COMET
- (Creative Computing November 1985 by H. Schenk and J. Anderson)
-
- HALLEYS.BAS will guide you in locating the famous comet. In
- exchange for the current date, the program will reveal:
-
- - Location in terms of right ascension and declination
-
- - Distance from the Sun and Earth in astronomical units
-
- - Magnitude
-
- - Rising and setting times
-
- Because novice astronomers may be unfamiliar with some of the
- terms used in the output, we offer some brief definitions and take a
- look at how they relate to the program.
-
- Right Ascension and Declination are coordinates for measuring the
- position of an object in the sky. In a way, they are like X and Y
- coordinates used to locate a point on a graph. Right ascension
- provides the east-west position (the X coordinate) and declination
- provides the north-south position (the Y coordinate). Right ascension
- is measured in hours and declination is measured in degrees.
-
- Universal Time (UT), a standard measurement of time for
- astronomers, is the time in Greenwich, England. A large number of
- observations were made at the Royal Greenwich Observatory near London,
- and that place was selected arbitrarily as the starting point for
- measuring longitude.
-
- Astronomical Units (AU) measure distance without our solar system.
- One AU equals the distance between the Earth and the Sun, or about
- 93 million miles.
-
- Magnitude refers to the brightness of the comet. The lower the
- number, the brighter the object. The higher the number, the greater
- need to view the comet through binoculars or a telescope.
-
- Rising and Setting Times tells you when the comet is visible
- above the horizon.
-
- To run the program, all you have to do is specify whether you
- want the output in Daylight or Standard time and then enter the date.
- The program returns the necessary information.
-
- You may also enter historical dates. For example, Halley's Comet
- last appeared in 1910. You might want to check the differences in
- location between appearances.
-
- The program is set for New York City latitude and longitude.
- Your latitude and longitude is probably different, so your rising and
- setting times will also be different.
-
-
-
- To localize the program for your area, run the HALSETUP.BAS
- program, take the results, and make the substitutions in the main
- program (HALLEYS.BAS).
-
- Those of you who want to do the trigonometry instead of letting
- the HALSETUP.BAS program do it for you should perform the following
- steps:
-
- - Convert latitude degrees into radians by dividing your
- latitude by 57.2958. Take the SIN of this number, find line 720, and
- put it in place of 0.656059. Next, take the COS of the number, find
- line 720, and put it in place of 0.754710.
-
- - Take your longitude, subtract 75 if you are in the Eastern
- Standard Time zone, 90 if you are in the Central Standard Time zone,
- 105 if you are in the Mountain Standard Time zone, or 120 if you are
- in the Pacific Standard Time zone. Multiply this number by 0.0666666,
- and substitute the result for -.066666 in lines 770 and 780.
-
- - If you are in the Central, Mountain, or Pacific Time zone,
- remember to replace the word Eastern in lines 820 and 870 with your
- appropriate time zone.
-
- - Finally, replace the number -1 in lines 1320 with 0 (if
- you are in the Central zone), 1 (if you are in the Mountain zone), or
- 2 (if you are in the Pacific zone).
-
- You can find your latitude and longitude in any atlas. For those
- who don't need pinpoint accuracy, the table below provides them for
- selected cities.
-
- We suggest you find an area as devoid of artificial light as
- possible. If you miss Halley's Comet this year, you can always try
- again later -- about the year 2060.
-
- City Latitude Longitude
- ---- -------- ---------
- Albuquerque, NM 35 107
- Boston, MA 42 71
- Buffalo, NY 43 79
- Chicago, IL 42 88
- Dallas, TX 33 97
- Denver, CO 40 105
- Los Angeles, CA 34 118
- Miami, FL 26 80
- Minneapolis, MN 45 93
- New York, NY 41 74
- Philadelphia, PA 40 75
- Phoeniz, AZ 33 112
- St. Louis, MO 39 90
- Salt Lake City, UT 41 112
- San Francisco, CA 38 122
- Seattle, WA 48 122
- Washington, DC 39 77
-